Ciidamada qalabka sida ee Itoobiya ayaa dhamaadkii bilihii January iyo February waxa ay dad rayid ah ku laayeen deegaanka Meraawi ee gobolka Axmaarada xili ay dagaalo kula jireen maleeshiyaadka Fano.
Tan iyo markii iskahorimaad hubeysan uu ka qarxay Axmaarada bishii Agoosto 2023, ciidamada federaalku waxay galeen xad-gudubyo badan oo aan dambi lahayn.
Wakiilka sare ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan xuquuqul insaanka waa in uu bilaabo baaritaan madax banaan oo lagu ogaanayo xadgudubyada ka dhacay Axmaarada, UN iyo AU waa in ay ka fikiraan in la hakiyo howlgallada cusub ee ciidamada Itoobiya ee nabad ilaalinta.
(Nairobi) – Milateriga Itoobiya ayaa shalay oo ay taariikhdu ahayd 29-kii Jannaayo 2024 dil toogasho ah ku fuliyay dhowr iyo toban qof oo rayid ah, waxaana ay galeen dambiyo dagaal, gudaha magaalada Merawi ee gobolka Axmaarada ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Itoobiya, Human Rights Watch ayaa sidaas sheegtay maanta. Dhacdadan ayaa ka mid ah kuwii ugu khasaaraha badnaa ee soo gaara dadka rayidka ah intii uu socday dagaalka u dhexeeya ciidamada federaalka Itoobiya iyo maleeshiyada Fano tan iyo markii uu qarxay dagaalka Amxaarada bishii Agoosto 2023.
Qaramada Midoobay iyo Midowga Afrika waa inay ka fiirsadaan joojinta soo daabulidda cusub ee ciidamada federaalka Itoobiya ee hawlgallada nabad ilaalinta caalamiga ah ilaa lagala xisaabtamayo taliyeyaasha mas’uulka ka ah xadgudubyada ba’an.
“Dilka arxan darada ah ee ciidamada Itoobiya ay u gaysteen dadka rayidka ah ee Amxaarada ayaa hoos u dhigay sheegashada dowladda ee ah in ay isku dayayso in ay sharciga iyo kala dambeynta u keento gobolka,” ayay tiri Laetitia Bader, agaasime ku xigeenka Afrika ee Human Rights Watch. “Tan iyo markii uu billowday dagaalka u dhexeeya ciidamada federaalka iyo malleeshiyada Faano, dadka rayidka ah ayaa mar kale la kulmaya dhibaatada ciidan xad-gudbiyeedka oo si aan dambi lahayn u hawlgala.”
Subaxnimadii hore ee Janaayo 29, ciidamada Fano ayaa weerar ku qaaday cutubyo ka tirsan askarta Itoobiya oo ku sugnaa deegaanka Merawi oo qiyaastii 30 KM dhanka koonfureed kaga beegan xarunta gobolka Axmaarada ee Bahir Dar. Ciidamadii Faano ayaa intaas kadib isaga baxay, waxaana ay magaalada uga baxeen ciidamada federaalka Itoobiya. Muddo lix saacadood ah ayay askarta Itoobiya ku toogteen waddooyinka iyo xilli ay guri guri u baarayeen dad shacab ah. Tiro badan ayaa la dilay, oo u badnaa rag, laakiin sidoo kale dumar ayaa la dilay. Ciidamada ayaa sidoo kale dhac iyo burbur hantiyeed u geystay dad rayid ah.
24-kii Febraayo, ciidamada qalabka sida ee Itoobiya waxay si kooban ugu toogteen Meraawi ilaa sideed qof oo rayid ah kadib weerar kale oo dagaalyahanada Fano ay ka geysteen magaalada.
Intii u dhaxaysay Febraayo 9 iyo Maarso 14, Human Rights Watch waxa ay telefoon ku wareysatay 20 qof, oo ay ku jiraan dhibanayaasha, xubnaha qoyskooda, iyo markhaatiyaal. Human Rights Watch waxa ay sidoo kale falanqeysay oo ay xaqiijisay laba muuqaal oo la soo galiyay baraha bulshada wixii ka dambeeyay weerarkii 29-kii Janaayo, waxaana ay baartay sawirka dayax-gacmeedka oo xaqiijinaya xisaabaadka markhaatiga. 5-tii Maarso, Human Rights Watch waxay si kooban u soo koobtay natiijooyinkeeda hordhaca ah dowladda Itoobiya, laakiin wax jawaab ah kama helin.
Jannaayo 29-keedii, haweeney 26 jir ah ayaa ku sugneyd guriga Merawi iyada iyo ninkeeda iyo wiil ay dhashay markii dagaalku dhacay. Markii uu dagaalku dhammaaday ayay albaabkooda isha ku dhufteen si ay u arkaan waxa dhacaya. “Saddex askari iyo laba sarkaal oo booliis ah ayaa ka soo baxay meel aan jirin,” ayay tiri. “Ninkaygu waxa uu watay canuggayagii 2 bilood jiray. Waxay u sheegeen inuu sii daayo ilmahayagii, ka dib markuu yeelay, waxay ku toogteen guriga bannaankiisa. Ka dib markay toogteen, sidii oo kale ayay ku sameeyeen deriskii.
Residents said soldiers looted homes, hotels, and businesses, and burned at least 12 Bajaj motorized three-wheel vehicles.
Human Rights Watch was unable to determine the total number of civilian deaths in Merawi. Community leaders shared two lists of victims with a total of forty names of people who were identified and buried in Merawi. Three residents estimated that over eighty people were killed, including some buried elsewhere.
Human Rights Watch verified and analyzed a video recorded on January 30 showing at least 22 bodies lining the main road in Merawi. Ethiopian forces refused to allow the community to collect the dead until later that morning.
The nongovernmental organization, the Ethiopian Human Rights Council, found that 89 civilians had been killed in Merawi. Initial findings by the national Ethiopian Human Rights Commission, a federal state body, concluded that Ethiopian forces killed 45 residents.
Under international humanitarian law applicable to the armed conflict in Amhara, the deliberate killing or mistreatment of civilians, and looting and pillage of civilian property are prohibited and may be prosecuted as war crimes.
An Ethiopian government spokesman told the media that Fano fighters attacked an army base in Merawi but maintained that the military only acted in “self-defense,” including when searching houses, and did not target civilians. Residents said that Ethiopian soldiers called a meeting on February 12 and only acknowledged that four civilians had been killed and that they burned one Bajaj.
Ethiopia’s international partners, including the United States, the European Union, and the United Kingdom, issued statements condemning the massacre of civilians and calling for an independent investigation. Since the end of the UN-mandated inquiry on Ethiopia in October 2023, there has been little international monitoring of the human rights situation in the country.
Concerned governments should press for resumed scrutiny of human rights in Ethiopia at the UN Human Rights Council, and call on the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights to urgently investigate and publicly report on abuses in Amhara, including in Merawi, and other conflict-affected areas, Human Rights Watch said. The EU should clarify that reengagement with Ethiopia is intended to result in concrete measures by Ethiopian authorities to prevent further abuses against civilians, including by allowing independent investigations into the Merawi killings, and holding those responsible for abuses to account.
Dadka deegaanka ayaa sheegay in ciidamadu ay bililiqeysteen guryo, hoteello iyo goobo ganacsi, waxayna gubeen ugu yaraan 12 baabuur oo Mooto Bajaaj ah oo saddex lugood leh.
Human Rights Watch way awoodi wayday inay go’aamiso tirada guud ee dhimashada rayidka ee Merawi. Hogaamiyayaasha bulshada ayaa wadaagay laba liis oo dhibanayaal ah oo wadartoodu tahay afartan magac oo dad lagu aqoonsaday laguna aasay Merawi. Saddex ka mid ah dadka deegaanka ayaa ku qiyaasay in ka badan sideetan qof la dilay, oo ay ku jiraan qaar meelo kale lagu aasay.
Human Rights Watch ayaa xaqiijisay oo falanqeysay muuqaal la duubay 30-kii Janaayo oo muujinaya ugu yaraan 22 mayd oo daadsan waddada weyn ee Merawi. Ciidamada Itoobiya ayaa u diiday bulshada in ay soo aruuriyaan meydadka ilaa subaxaas dambe.
Hay’adda aan dowliga ahayn, Golaha Xuquuqul Insaanka Itoobiya, ayaa ogaatay in 89 qof oo rayid ah lagu dilay Merawi. Natiijooyinkii ugu horeeyey ee ay soo saareen guddiga qaran ee xuquuqul insaanka Itoobiya, oo ah hay’ad federaali ah, ayaa ku soo gabagabaysay in ciidamada Itoobiya ay dileen 45 ka mid ah dadka deegaanka.
Sida uu dhigayo sharciga caalamiga ah ee bini’aadantinimada ee lagu dabaqi karo iskahorimaadka hubaysan ee Axmaarada, dilka ula kaca ah ee dadka rayidka ah, iyo dhaca iyo dhaca hantida rayidka waa mamnuuc waxaana lagu qaadi karaa dembiyo dagaal.
Afhayeen u hadlay dowladda Itoobiya ayaa warbaahinta u sheegay in dagaalyahannada Fano ay weerar ku qaadeen saldhig ciidan oo ku yaalla Merawi balse waxa ay ku adkaysteen in milatarigu ay sameeyeen oo kaliya “is-difaac,” oo ay ku jirto marka ay guryaha baarayaan, mana aysan beegsan dadka rayidka ah. Dadka deegaanka ayaa sheegay in 12-kii Bishan uu dhacay kulan ay isugu yimaadeen Askarta Itoobiya, waxaana kaliya ay qirteen in 4 qof oo shacab ah ay dileen, islamarkaana ay gubeen hal Bajaaj.
Saaxiibada caalamiga ah ee Itoobiya, oo ay ku jiraan Mareykanka, Midowga Yurub, iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, ayaa soo saaray bayaanno ay ku cambaareynayaan xasuuqa loo geystay dadka rayidka ah waxayna ku baaqeen in baaritaan madax bannaan lagu sameeyo. Tan iyo markii la soo afjaray baaritaankii Qaramada Midoobay ay u xilsaartay Itoobiya bishii Oktoobar 2023, waxaa yaraaday la socodka caalamiga ah ee xaaladda xuquuqda aadanaha ee dalka.
Dawladaha ay khusayso waa in ay ku cadaadiyaan in dib loo eego xuquuqul insaanka Itoobiya golaha xuquuqul insaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay, waxayna ugu baaqaan wakiilka sare ee xuquuqul insaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay in uu si deg deg ah u baadho oo uu si cad uga warbixiyo tacadiyada ka dhacay Axmaarada oo ay ku jirto Merawi iyo deegaanada kale ee ay colaaduhu saameeyeen. , Human Rights Watch ayaa tiri. Midowga Yurub waa in uu caddeeyaa in dib ula heshiiska Itoobiya ay ugu tala galeen in ay ka dhashaan tallaabooyin la taaban karo oo ay qaadaan mas’uuliyiinta Itoobiya si ay uga hortagaan xad-gudubyo kale oo ka dhan ah dadka rayidka ah, oo ay ku jiraan in ay oggolaadaan in baaritaanno madax bannaan lagu sameeyo dilkii Merawi, iyo in lala xisaabtamo kuwa mas’uulka ka ah xadgudubyada.
Bishii Juun 2023, dawladda Maraykanku waxay go’aamisay in Itoobiya “ay hadda ka dib ku lug yeelanayn qaabka xad-gudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha.” Marka la eego warbixinada ku saabsan tacaddiyada ba’an ee ay geystaan ciidamada dowladda Itoobiya, Mareykanka marka uu la macaamilayo dowladda Itoobiya waa in uu mudnaanta koowaad siiyaa ilaalinta rayidka iyo wax ka qabashada arrimaha cadaaladda iyo isla xisaabtanka.
Waaxda Hawlgallada Nabadda ee Qaramada Midoobay iyo Golaha Nabadda iyo Ammaanka ee Midowga Afrika waa inay ka fiirsadaan joojinta soo daabulidda cusub ee askarta Itoobiya ee hawlgallada nabad ilaalinta, Human Rights Watch ayaa tiri. Itoobiya waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu badan ee gacan ka geysta ciidamada nabad ilaalinta. Qaramada Midoobay waxay uga baahan tahay dawladaha, oo ay weheliso Qaramada Midoobay, inay xaqiijiyaan muwaadiniintooda u adeegaya hawlgallada nabad ilaalinta ee Qaramada Midoobay in aanay samayn xadgudubyo hore, in kasta oo baadhista noocaas ah inta badan loo daayo hay’adaha qaranka. AU sidoo kale waxa ay dejinaysaa habka baadhista.
Ku guuldaraysiga dawladda Itoobiya si ay u xaqiijiso isla xisaabtanka macne leh ee xadgudubyada ay geystaan ciidamada federaalka iyo kuwa gobolka waxay gacan ka geysataa wareegtada rabshadaha socda iyo isla xisaabtan la’aanta.
“Dilka wadareedka ula kaca ah ee ay ciidamada dawladda Itoobiya u gaysteen dadka rayidka ah waxay si murugo leh u noqdeen nolol maalmeedka tirada badan ee Itoobiyaanka ah ee ku sugan goobaha colaadaha,” ayay tiri Bader. Saaxiibada Itoobiya, Midowga Afrika, iyo Qaramada Midoobay waa in ay qaadaan tillaabooyin la taaban karo si ay u soo afjaraan isla xisaabtan la’aanta ay ku naaloonayeen taliyayaasha Itoobiya ee xadgudubka geysta.
